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Purpose The change in vital capacity from the seated to supine position (∆VC-supine) is used to screen for diaphragm dysfunction (DD), but some individuals are unable to tolerate the supine position. Since expiratory muscle function is often preserved in patients with isolated DD and inspiratory strength is reduced, the purpose of this study was to examine if the ratio of maximal expiratory pressure...
Introduction The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR), and to compare it with medical management and lung volume reduction surgery. Methods Variables of interest were absolute change in FEV1, 6MWT, and SGRQ. Meta-analysis was performed for the BLVR modalities with ≥3 trials. Of the 18 shortlisted...
Purpose The influence of ethnicity on epidemiology and clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis is well recognized. However, data on the role of sex are limited. Methods The current study utilized the resource of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States, with new diagnosis of sarcoidosis from 1976 to 2013. Diagnosis was verified by medical...
Introduction To investigate the association of individual and contextual exposures with lung function by gender in rural-dwelling Canadians. Methods A cross-sectional mail survey obtained completed questionnaires on exposures from 8263 individuals; a sub-sample of 1609 individuals (762 men, 847 women) additionally participated in clinical lung function testing. The three dependent variables were...
Reports regarding smoking differences in α-klotho expression have provided conflicting results. In the current study we focused on the influence of smoking intensity to serum levels of the aging molecule α-klotho in healthy smokers. 40 middle aged healthy smokers without airway obstruction or restriction were selected for the analysis. Serum levels of soluble α-klotho were significantly higher in...
Purpose Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder, characterised by collapse of the upper airways during sleep. The impact of sleep-disordered breathing on pulmonary function indices is however currently not well described. The aim of the study was to evaluate diurnal change in lung function indices in a cohort of patients with OSA and relate pulmonary function changes to disease severity...
Background COPD represents a multifactorial lung disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Despite intensive research concerning the underlying disease mechanisms, the involvement of the CD200/CD200R axis in supporting or preventing the onset of COPD has not yet been addressed. Since the CD200/CD200R axis is crucially implicated in the maintenance of pulmonary immune homeostasis, we hypothesized...
Since the first description of pulmonary circulation in the 16th century, the knowledge of the complex interaction between the heart and lungs has greatly improved. Hypoxemia plays a classical role in the development of complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle (RV) dysfunction in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, more recent results...
Purpose Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has gained popularity over the years in the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Preliminary evidence suggests that delirium is an important factor contributing to NIPPV failure and death. This study was conducted to evaluate delirium and other associated factors of deaths in patients with ARF requiring the use of NIPPV. Methods...
Background Association between electrocardiography (ECG) features and right ventricular anatomy and physiology has been established. This study is aimed to identify the value of 12-lead ECG in evaluating prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Method 194 patients with newly diagnosed IPAH were included in this study. Correlations between electrocardiography...
Purpose Genetic susceptibility for tuberculosis in human has been previously demonstrated. Polymorphisms in genes involved in immune responses may alter the susceptibility of individuals to tuberculosis. Polymorphisms of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene can be possibly an important risk factor in tuberculosis. In this study, the association between rs1042713 (Arg16Gly +46A>G) and rs1042714...
Background Anxiety and depression are common entities in patients diagnosed with COPD. However, the impact that they have on the exacerbation of illness is scarcely studied. Objective To determine if the presence of anxiety and depression is associated with a greater risk of frequent exacerbation (≥2 per year) in patients diagnosed with COPD. Patients and Methods A cohort study that analysed frequent...
Purpose We sought to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of manual pleural saline flushing, in addition to urokinase, for managing complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas. Methods Retrospective comparative review of 23 consecutive patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions or empyemas who received saline flushing plus urokinase through small-bore chest catheters, and 39...
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with elevated sympathetic nerve activity, which is probably linked to an increased cardiovascular risk, and may contribute to muscle dysfunction by heightened muscle vasoconstrictor drive. We hypothesized that resistive unloading of respiratory muscles by intermittent non-invasive ventilation (NIV) reduces sympathetic tone at rest...
Introduction Desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) are unique elastin crosslinks that may serve as biomarkers for elastic fiber degradation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Previously, our laboratory found that the ratio of free to peptide-bound DID in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a significant positive correlation with the extent of airspace enlargement in an elastase model of pulmonary...
Objective Although surgery in selected small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients has been proposed as a part of multimodality therapy, so far, the prognostic impact of node-spreading pattern has not been fully elucidated. To investigate this issue, a retrospective analysis was performed. Methods From 01/1996 to 12/2012, clinico-pathological, surgical, and oncological features were retrospectively reviewed...
Abstarct New anti-fibrotic agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were approved based on the results of forced vital capacity (FVC) trends, although concerns were raised about the reliability of FVC as the only endpoint parameter. We hypothesized that IPF-specific multi-dimensional scores (Composite Physiologic Index—CPI; gender–age–physiology—GAP; risk stratification score—RISE) would better...
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable, debilitating disease which impairs lung function and eventually leads to death. Currently, there is a lack of effective modifying therapies and treatments for IPF as the underlying epidemiological mechanism is not clearly understood. This leads to difficulty in diagnosing and managing IPF, which results in a high incurment of disease-associated...
Purpose In the ‘placebo arm’ of a recent study, we found that aerosol saline (sham treatment) produced substantial relief of laboratory-induced dyspnea (Breathing discomfort—BD) in nearly half the subjects. The sham intervention included a physiological change, and instructions to subjects could have produced expectation of dyspnea relief. In the present study, we attempted to discover whether the...
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